Educational Research

Prospective research designs are studies that identify participants first and then follow them forward in time to see what happens.

Retrospective research is a study design that looks backward, using records or memories of events that already happened to answer

Panel study designs are research plans that measure the same group of people repeatedly across several points in time. In

Cohort study designs are research plans that follow a group of people sharing a common starting point over a period

Longitudinal research methods are study designs that collect information from the same people repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than

Cross sectional studies are a common research design in which investigators collect information from a group of people at a

Factorial experiment designs are research plans that test two or more factors at the same time, so a single study

Crossover trial methods are a research design in which every participant receives more than one treatment, one after another, with

Cluster randomized studies are research designs in which whole groups, such as classrooms, schools or districts, are assigned to a

Randomized controlled trials are among the most reliable ways researchers test whether a teaching method, program or policy actually causes