Educational Psychology

Learning readiness constructs are the different ideas psychologists and educators use to describe whether a learner is prepared to benefit

Explicit instruction benefits learners most when they are new to a topic and do not yet know what to look

Implicit learning processes are the ways people absorb patterns and regularities without intending to learn them and often without being

Consequences and learning are linked in nearly every moment of a school day. A student who asks a question and

Punishment effects considerations matter because a consequence meant to stop a behavior rarely does only that. A detention, a lost

Negative reinforcement distinctions are among the most commonly confused ideas in educational psychology. Many people assume negative reinforcement means punishment,

Positive reinforcement programs are planned approaches in which a classroom or school deliberately acknowledges desired behavior so that it happens

Token reinforcement systems give learners points, stickers or tokens for specific behaviors, which they can later exchange for rewards they

Classroom behavioral psychology applies the study of observable behavior to everyday school life, asking what happens before and after a

Behavior and learning cues are the signals in a learning situation that tell students what is expected and when an